2012

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2012

2024-07-02 20:05| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

通过分析,我们能够发现文章类型为说明文(议论文)及记叙文。之所以分为两种文体,是因为两种文体的解题思路完全不一样。

下边,我从题型和方法两方面进行分析。

题型解读:

7选5的试题模式为:给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章,对应有七个选项,要求同学们根据文章结构、内容,选出正确的句子,填入相应的空白处。《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”通俗解释,在做7选5时,多关注整体的结构及逻辑的变化。

通过对《考试说明》的理解,我们不难发现,七选五主要考察考生三方面的能力。(1)对文章整体内容的考察,(2)对文章整体结构的考察,(3)上下文逻辑意义的考察。故设空处考察一般为以下三类:

1.主旨概括句(文章整体内容)。设空处常在段首或者在黑标题处。

2.过渡性句子(文章整体结构)。设空处常在段中或段末,附近常有反映文章的行文结构的词汇(首先,其次,再次等)

3.细节性句子(上下文逻辑意义)。设空处常在段中或段末,附近没有反映文章的行文结构的词汇。

新题型七选五其实是介于阅读理解和完形填空之间的题型。形式来看,像完形填空,多选一。实质而言,与完形填空有很大区别。完形填空强调对词的精确把握,如:still这个词,多个含义,如 If a situation that used to exist stillexists, it has continued and exists now.(adv)(此含义我们较为熟悉)You use still in expressions such as still further ,still another, and still more to show that you find the number or quantity of things you are referring to surprising or excessive.(adv)(此含义考察不多);除此之外,2016年,2006年新课标卷1中考察了still = not moving;所以,我们需要一个词的多个含义。然而,七选五更强调上下文文章逻辑合理性。具体而言,

说明议论文,注意,第一段与后边段落中的总分结构,一个段落内部,论点与论据之间的总分结构;段落内部不同论据间的并列结构;不同论点之间的并列结构。做题时,我们要找到表示总分结构及并列结构的关键词,这个是方法的核心。

记叙文,注意记叙文是包括记叙和议论两个环节。所以需要分清楚哪里是记叙,哪里是议论。方法,记叙环节是过去时或者过去完成时;议论环节是一般现在时或者现在完成时。(可以参考下咱们常见的阅读理解的记叙文的写法)议论环节比较简单,不再赘述。记叙环节,请注意以下核心点。因为文章不是平白直叙的而是跌宕起伏的,所以句子是有好坏的。所以要关注选项句子的好坏与文章句子的好坏相匹配。具体方法如下:

综上所述,做七选五时应注意两点:一是答题顺序,即先看选项再看文章;二是解题过程中应注意的篇章角度的逻辑,句子角度的逻辑,和核心的名词和代词等,如指示代词、人称代词、连词、和特殊疑问词等。七选五实际上是得分题型,同学们只要掌握好以上所列出的解题方法,勤加训练,同时多背单词,增加句子翻译能力,得满分肯定是没有问题的!

详见:高考新课标卷7选5满分策略

真题回顾:

解题步骤:

第一步:先看选项。

重点关注各个选项的名词、代词、表示上下文逻辑关系的词及句式,进行分类。A选项关注code;B选项关注language及letters;C选项关注people及keyword;D选项关注codes及people;E选项关注you,,message及letters,F选项关注code,you,words;G选项关注another way,message,symbol,alphabet。这样,CD是一类,都有people;EF是一类,都是you开头;A是特殊结构:it is hard…;G有another way,所以不能是首个方式。

第二步:看空前空后。

36空前后都有相同的名词code,所以36空的答案需要含有code,所以从ADF中备选,此题成为3选1。

37空前边有three main types,故后边会提到3种方式并且三种方式是并列的。37空后边出现for example,38空后边出现for example,39空后边出现for example。所以37、39空的答案与38空后边的You might represent each letter with a number.需要时相同的结构,所以从EF中选,37、39变成了2选2。

38空没有合适的对应词,故最后再做。

40空后边出现:However, it is also hard to…, also的出现说明前后的句式一致,故答案为A。

第三步:边读边做题。

37、39比较简单,我们先做37和39。其中,39空前提到了code book,故39空答案为F,37空答案为E。故36空答案为D。

最后我们只剩下38空,未使用的选项为BCG。我们读完例子之中的内容发现存在一个关键的词letters of the alphabet,故选G。

答案为:DEGFA

【全文翻译】【1】密码用于保护私人信息。银行、公司和政府机构在经营中使用密码,尤其是用计算机发送信息时。

【2】人们使用密码已经有数千年了,只要有密码存在,人们就会试图破解它。破译密码从未滞后远远落后于创造密码。创建和读取加密信息的科学被称为密码学。

【3】现在主要有三种加密技术。你可以把信息隐藏在每个单词的首字母里再把它拼出来。例如,“My elephant eats too many eels”的首字母“Meet me”拼出隐藏的消息是“来见我。”

【4】另一种隐藏信息的方式是用符号代替字母。例如,你可以用一个数字来代表一个字母。我们将字母表中的字母按顺序从1到26记数。如果我们用一个数字代替一个字母,“Meet me”这条消息就是“13 5 5 20 13 5。”

【5】密码使用符号替换单词、短语或句子。阅读真正的密码消息时,你必须有一本密码书,有了这本书,你就可以写下一些字母来代替另外的字母。例如,“bridge”可能代表“me”。消息“bridge out”实际上代表“meet me”。没有密码书是很难解密的。然而,保证密码书长期保密也很难。所以密码必须经常改变。

四、核心词汇

require [rɪˈkwaɪr] 需要 secret [ˈsi:krət] 秘密 preparation [ˌprepəˈreɪʃn] 准备 message [ˈmesɪdʒ] 消息 steady [ˈstedi] 稳定的 private [ˈpraɪvət] 私人的 gradual [ˈgrædʒuəl] 渐进的 government [ˈgʌvənmənt] 政府 increase [ɪnˈkri:s] 增加 agency [ˈeɪdʒənsi] 代理 brand [brænd] 商标,牌子 create [kriˈeɪt] 产生;创造; rely [rɪˈlaɪ] 依靠;信任; represent [ˌreprɪˈzent] 代表 experience [ɪkˈspɪəriəns] 经验;经历; substitute [ˈsʌbstɪtju:t] 代替;代替者; prevent [prɪˈvent] 预防;阻止; symbol [ˈsɪmbl] 象征 distance [ˈdɪstəns] 距离,路程; phrase [freɪz] 短语 goal [gəʊl] 球门;目标;得分 sentence [ˈsentəns] 句子 enter [ˈentə(r)] 进入;开始; frequently [ˈfri:kwəntli] 频繁地,屡次地

比如:

How to keep yourself safe from new virus?

After a new-type coronavirus was detected in viral pneumonia cases in Central China's Wuhan city a month ago, more cases have been reported in recent days. _____1_____:

1. Wear masks outdoors

●Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected.

●Make sure to wear it properly by tightening up the nose clip and pulling the bottom of it over your chin.

●_____2_____, a mask is also needed to prevent you from spreading germs(细菌) to others.

2. Cover your coughs and sneeze with tissue(纸巾)

Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze, or you can cough or sneeze into your sleeve, but avoid covering with your hands directly.(曹老师英语:goakaoyingyu150)

3. _____3_____

Wash your hands with soap and running water thoroughly for at least 15 seconds.

● Before eating and after using the toilet

● After returning home

● After touching trash or garbage

● After contacting with animals or handling animal wastes

4. Strengthen your immune system and exercise regularly

● Exercise regularly is one of the most important ways to help you stay away from catching any infections.

● Make sure that shared spaces have good air flow and avoid going to crowded places such as hospitals, railway stations and airports. _____4_____, wear a mask

● Seek prompt medical attention if you have symptoms of fever and respiratory infection.

● Avoid close contact with people who have flu or cold-like symptoms.

●_____5_____. Avoid contact with wild animals or farmed livestock without any protection. (曹老师英语:goakaoyingyu150)

A. If we have a fever or have trouble breathing

B. Eat thoroughly cooked meat and eggs

C. Wash your hands frequently and properly

D. Protect yourself and others from getting sick

E. If transport or movement is necessary

F. If you’re not feeling well or have symptoms of fever

G. To prevent catching the infection, here’s what you can do

【思路点拨】做题顺序为:2,4,1,3,5

2,4空有逗号,所以从AEF中选。

【词的角度】A选项代词为we,2空后代词为you,故A排除;4空上下句的代词为you,或没有,故4也不能选A。

F选项代词为you,not feel well 与逗号后spreading germs(细菌) 近意替换。故2空选F

【词的角度】(正选法)E选项出现transport 和movement,都和动相关,上一句话,出现了:hospitals, railway stations and airports,这些地方都是去一下就离开的,故选E。(排除法)AEF中,A不对,F已经选了,故选E。

1空,【篇的角度】总分结构,G选项汇总here’s what you can do(总)与下文分结构对应。

3空,【句的角度】BCD中选,下文是wash hand,故选C。

5空,还剩下ABD,A是半句话,排除,还剩BD。【词的角度】B选项没有代词,暗含代词为you,D选项代词为yourself and others,上下文要们没有代词,要么代词为you,未出现others,故选B

故答案为:GFCEB

参考译文:

After a new-type coronavirus was detected in viral pneumonia cases in Central China's Wuhan city a month ago, more cases have been reported in recent days.

一个月前,武汉市病毒性肺炎案例中发现了一种新型冠状病毒,最近数日报道有更多病例的出现。

To prevent catching the infection, here's what you can do:

为了避免传染这种病毒,以下是你能做的措施:

Wear masks outdoors户外要带口罩

Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected as the virus is predominantly spread in droplets.

戴口罩是防止传染的最为有效措施之一,因为这种病毒主要靠飞沫传播。

Make sure to wear it properly so that your nose and mouth are both covered.

口罩佩戴方式要正确,确保口鼻都要覆盖到。

If you're not feeling well or have symptoms such as cough, fever, fatigue and trouble breathing, a mask is also needed to prevent you from spreading germs to others.

如果感觉不舒服,或者有咳嗽、发烧、疲乏以及呼吸困难等症状,你需要佩戴口罩以免把病菌传染给他人。

Medical masks used by medical workers are not recommended for common people as they may lead to oxygen deficient if worn for long periods.

医护人员所使用的医用口罩不建议普通人使用,因为这种口罩长时间佩戴会有可能导致供氧不足。

Cover your coughs and sneeze with tissue

咳嗽和打喷嚏的时候用纸巾盖住

Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze, or you can cough or sneeze into your sleeve, but avoid covering with your hands directly.

咳嗽或打喷嚏的时候用纸巾盖住口鼻,或者用袖子捂住口鼻,不要直接用手捂住。

Wash your hands frequently and properly

经常洗手,正确洗手

Wash your hands with soap and running water thoroughly for at least 15 seconds, especially after:

用肥皂和自来水彻底地清洗手部至少15秒,特别是在以下行为之后:

Returning home回家

Touching trash or garbage触碰垃圾桶或垃圾

Contacting with animals or handling animal wastes接触动物或处理动物粪便

Strengthen your immune system and exercise regularly增强免疫系统机能并定期锻炼

Exercise regularly is one of the most important ways to help you stay away from catching any infections.

定期锻炼是帮助你不被传染病传染的最重要方法之一。

Make sure that shared spaces have good air flow and avoid going to crowded places such as hospitals, railway stations and airports.

确保共享空间有良好的空气流动,避免前往医院、火车站和机场等人流拥挤场合。

Wear a mask if transport or movement is necessary.

如果需要乘坐公共交通工具或步行的话要戴口罩。

Seek prompt medical attention if you have symptoms of fever and respiratory infection.

如果出现发烧和呼吸道感染症状,马上就医。

Avoid close contact with people who have flu or cold-like symptoms.

避免与流感或感冒类似症状的人紧密接触。

Eat thoroughly cooked meat and eggs.肉和鸡蛋要完全做熟再吃。

Avoid contact with wild animals or farmed livestock without any protection.

避免在无防护情况下接触野生动物或养殖禽畜。返回搜狐,查看更多



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